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Urbanization is next to global warming the largest threat to biodiversity. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly evident that many bird species get locally extinct as a result of urban development. However, many bird species benefit from urbanization, especially through the abundance of human-provided resources, and increase in abundance and densities. These birds are intriguing to study in relation to its resilience and adaption to urban environments, but also in relation to its susceptibility and the potential costs of urban life. This Research Topic consisting of 30 articles (one review, two meta-analyzes and 27 original data papers) provides insights into species and population responses to urbanization through diverse lenses, including biogeography, community ecology, behaviour, life history evolution, and physiology.

Urbanization --- Birds --- Human-bird interactions --- Biodiversity --- Species interactions --- Human-provided resources --- Environmental stress

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Coastal transitional ecosystems include a wide range of morphological features—i.e., lagoons, wetlands, estuaries, deltas, and so on. According to the Ramsar Convention, “they are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems” and are continually “degraded and converted to other uses”. To protect and restore these highly valuable ecosystems, knowledge of their processes and the assessment of their ecological conditions under anthropogenic pressures is of fundamental importance. The present book contains eight original research papers and a review that provide useful tools to understand the structure and function of transitional waters worldwide. The results allow us to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities and inform stakeholders on the actions that can be taken to manage them. The papers in this book provide different ecological approaches to investigate some main impacts: - benthic and nekton communities were studied to assess the impact of eutrophication and salinity changes; - biological processes in carbon dioxide fluxes were assessed in the framework of climate change; - nekton communities were discussed in relation to habitat morphological degradation; - the role of invasive alien species was considered.

Research & information: general --- SWRO desalination --- brine discharge --- osmotic stress --- coastal monitoring --- impacted coastal systems --- biological communities --- transitional waters --- community matrix --- qualitative model --- species interactions --- freshwater flow --- low salinity zone --- simulation --- ecological assessment --- adaptive management --- biological processes --- air–sea CO2 exchange flux --- net ecosystem production --- potential CO2 emissions --- trophic status --- Changjiang River estuary plume --- nekton --- restoration --- salinity --- predictive models --- biodiversity --- spatial variation --- sediments --- confinement --- saprobity --- organic enrichment --- coastal lagoons --- Mediterranean sea --- Macrophyte Quality Index (MaQI), transitional waters --- uncertainty analysis --- confidence interval --- Kernel standard error --- macroinvertebrates --- eutrophication --- organic pollution --- invasive alien species --- aquatic angiosperms --- environmental restoration --- ecological status --- Venice Lagoon --- coastal lagoon --- morphological alterations --- habitat conservation --- killifishes --- gobies --- Mediterranean Sea --- CO2 flux --- desalinization --- benthic fauna

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In 2001, Benecke concluded a review on the history of forensic entomology with these optimistic words: "basic research and advanced application of forensic entomology (…) has opened the way to routine casework". At the same time, the TV show Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) largely brought forensic entomology to light. However, the show also cruelly pointed out its limits: After the team leader explained to his colleague how insects can help determine the time of death, the team leader added "You've still got to convince a jury", to which the colleague promptly responded "On guns. It's got to be better than bugs. Less Latin." Indeed, several factors—including complexity, inherent limitations, and the rapid evolution of scientific knowledge—explain the slow acceptance of insect-based evidence. In this context, this Special Issue focuses on the articulation between laboratory studies and casework, a major challenge for the future of forensic entomology.

Psychology --- Diptera --- identification --- forensic entomology --- funerary archaeoentomology --- crime scene --- autopsy --- cooling period --- entomological evidence --- expertise --- casework --- court --- criminal justice systems --- expert witness --- insect evidence --- research --- postmortem interval --- development --- succession --- species identification --- animal carcass --- cadaver --- decaying substrate --- insect succession --- successional studies --- vertebrate decomposition --- animal carcasses --- bait attraction --- ADD --- TBS --- PMI --- colonisation --- temperature --- medico-legal entomology --- time of colonization --- accumulated degree day estimates --- length-weight estimates --- species interactions --- Calliphoridae --- legislation --- expert witness statement --- criteria --- limitations --- thanatology --- confession --- post-mortem interval --- carrion --- larva --- first record --- barcoding DNA --- integrative taxonomy --- arthropods --- burial --- decay --- insects --- pig --- biological variation --- death time estimation --- alternative storage --- carrion insects --- validation --- minimum postmortem interval (PMI-min) --- rearing --- calliphoridae --- Lucilia sericata --- climate change --- global warming --- Fanniidae --- larval morphology --- human cadaver --- Forensic Entomology --- Spain --- experimental studies --- cases --- cold cases --- hair evidence --- n/a